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英文誌(2004-)

Journal of Medical Ultrasonics

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1983 - Vol.10

Vol.10 No.05

Original Article(原著)

(0307 - 0313)

脳の超音波断層法

Two-dimensional Ultrasonography of the Brain

谷野 定之1, 中島 裕司1, 宮尾 益知1, 柳沢 正義1, 鴨下 重彦1, 伊東 紘一2

Sadayuki YANO1, Yuji NAKAJIMA1, Masutomo MIYAO1, Masayoshi YANAGISAWA1, Shigehiko KAMOSHITA1, Kouichi ITOH2

1自治医科大学小児科, 2自治医科大学臨床病理

1Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical School, 2Department of Clinical Pathology, Jichi Medical School

キーワード : ultrasonography, sector scanner, anterior fontanelle, intracranial, abnormalities, eight standard planes

Using two-dimensional ultrasonography, we were able to observe normal intracranial structures and various abnormalities in newborns and young infants. In this study, we used a 5-MHz mechanical sector scanner placing the transducer probe directly over the anterior fontanelle. The probe was aimed in both coronal and sagittal sections for three dimensional evaluation of the brain structures.
Normal brain structures such as the ventricles, choroid plexus, corpus callosum, thalamus, lenticular nucleus, cerebral gyri or cerebellum could be observed. Various abnormalities such as ventricular dilatation, intraventricular hematoma in hemophilia A, cerebellar tumor or destructive changes of the brain parenchyma in herpes simplex encephalitis, were detected.
This method had many advantages in comparison with CT in the following points. The scanner was less expensive than CT scanner was. Ultrasound was thought to be non-invasive for the neonatal brain. As the unit was portable and the procedure did not require sedation of the patient, we were able to examine premature infants in their incubators observing the recorded images simultaneously. On the recorded images of this method, the contrast of the ventricular system and the brain parenchyma was clear even in premature infants or patient with encephalitis. The basal ganglia and cerebral cortex showed different echogenicity, and the choroid plexus was highly echogenic without contrast enhancement on this method. In conclusion, we stress the usefulness of this method in observing various intracranial abnormalities in infancy. Some improvements on portability or resolution of the scanner will be expected.