英文誌(2004-)
Review Article(総説)
(0515 - 0523)
非侵襲的拡張機能評価法
Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function
山本 一博
Kazuhiro YAMAMOTO
鳥取大学医学部病態情報内科
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
キーワード : left ventricular diastolic function, left ventricular filling pressure, ventricular relaxation, ventricular stiffness
左室機能は循環動態維持に重要な役割を果たし,この機能障害が心不全を招く.左室機能は収縮機能と拡張機能からなり,収縮機能が左室から大動脈への血液の駆出を司り,拡張機能が左房から左室への血液の流入を規定する.収縮機能障害が左室駆出率という簡便な指標で臨床的に評価可能であるのに対し,拡張機能障害の検出法は未だ確立していない.左室流入血流,肺静脈血流,僧帽弁輪部運動,左室や左房の形態と心周期内におけるそれらの動態などを記録して得られる幾つかの指標が拡張機能評価指標として提唱されている.しかし,多くのものは左室拡張機能障害に基づく二次的な左室充満圧上昇を検出する指標であり,拡張機能を直接評価し得ない.左室弛緩能,左室スティフネスを直接反映する指標も提唱されているが,まだ広く受け入れられているわけではない.さらに,各指標とも種々の限界を有しており,どのような患者にも用い得る信頼性の高い指標はない.したがって,拡張機能障害の検出においては,複数の指標を評価して総合的に判断せざるを得ないのが現状である.
Left ventricular (LV) function plays a crucial role in maintaining systemic circulation, and its impairment results in heart failure. LV function consists of systolic and diastolic function. LV systolic function determines the ejection of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta, and diastolic function regulates the filling from the left atrium to the left ventricle. Systolic function can be assessed with a simple index, ejection fraction; however, there is no established method for the assessment of diastolic function. There are several indices derived from LV filling flow, pulmonary venous flow, the movement of the mitral annulus, structure of the left atrium and ventricle, and their structural changes during a cardiac cycle. However, most of the indices detect the elevation of LV filling pressure secondary to LV diastolic dysfunction, and cannot directly assess diastolic function. Some indices are proposed as useful in directly evaluating diastolic function, but are not widely used. In addition, all of the indices have limitation and cannot be used in all of the patients. Currently, we have to measure several indices, and the synthetic judgment is mandatory in the detection of diastolic dysfunction.