英文誌(2004-)
Case Report(症例報告)
(0021 - 0028)
肺癌に対するVATS手術後の肺静脈断端の左房内に血栓を生じた心房細動の3例
Three cases of atrial fibrillation with left atrial thrombus in the pulmonary vein stump after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer
南 貴子, 河野 浩章, 恒任 章, 吉牟田 剛, 前村 浩二
Takako MINAMI, Hiroaki KAWANO, Akira TSUNETO, Tsuyoshi YOSHIMUTA, Koji MAEMURA
長崎大学病院循環器内科
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital
キーワード : lobectomy, pulmonary vein stump thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, anticoagulant therapy, transthoracic echocardiography
近年,肺癌に対する手術は,完全胸腔鏡下(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery:VATS)での肺葉切除手術が増加しているが,これに伴い,肺静脈の切離ラインが末梢側となり,静脈断端が長くなり血栓ができやすい危険性が報告されている.特に,左上葉切除時に左上肺静脈の切離断端から左房内に血栓を生じやすいことが報告されているが,今回われわれは,右上葉切除後,左上葉切除後,左下葉切除後に左房内血栓を生じた心房細動の3例を経験した.1例目は右上葉腺癌の術後に,好酸球性肺炎を発症してステロイド治療を行い,治療経過を見るための造影CTで左房内血栓が検出された.2例目は,左上葉扁平上皮癌の術後,気管支・肺動脈形成後で,術後確認のための造影CTで左房内血栓が検出された.いずれも経胸壁および経食道心エコー図で観察を行った.3例目は左下葉腺癌術後の化学療法中に間質性肺炎を発症してステロイド治療中に心窩部不快感の出現があり,心機能評価の目的で経胸壁心エコー図を行った.その際,先の2例の経験をもとに左房の肺静脈流入部位を丁寧に検索して血栓を検出することができた.肺癌に対するVATS術後で,心房細動,左房拡大,ステロイド使用などの血栓形成リスクが高い症例において,経胸壁心エコー図検査で注意深く肺静脈流入部位を観察し左房内の肺静脈断端の血栓を検出できることがわかった.また,肺静脈断端部に形成された血栓は,直接抗凝固薬の使用にて3例とも消失したので報告する.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is becoming more common for lobectomy in lung cancer cases. There are several reports concerning the risks of thrombus formation in the left atrium on the resected pulmonary vein (PV) stump, because the residual PV stump is longer after VATS than after open lobectomy, especially in the case of left upper lobectomy. We report three cases of left atrium (LA) thrombus in the PV stump after right upper, left upper, and left lower lobectomy with VATS for lung cancer. Electrocardiography in the three cases showed atrial fibrillation. In the first and second cases, the thrombi were first detected by enhanced CT scan, and then we further examined them by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). In the third case, the thrombus was first detected by TTE. TTE was useful for finding PV stump thrombosis after lobectomy with VATS, especially in patients at high risk of thrombosis, such as those with atrial fibrillation, large LA volume, and receiving steroid therapy. We report that we could detect PV stump thrombosis with careful examination of the PV inflow point by TTE, and that the LA thrombi in the three cases were treated by direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and disappeared.